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S-PARAMICS VS Q-PARAMICS

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发表于 2009-4-10 18:25:20 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
请参考这个网站:
http://www.paramics.com
PARAMICS交通微观仿真--对道路交通仿真和图像化处理的软件







There are two distinct products which share the name of Paramics. These are separately developed by SIAS and Quadstone. To learn more about Paramics Microsimulation, please proceed to the following sites:
有两个不同的软件共同拥有一个名字 – Paramics分别由SIAS交通规划咨询公司和Quadstone有限公司开发想了解有关Paramics交通微观仿真的更多情况请进入如下网站:








SIAS Limited SIAS交通规划咨询公司
Software sales, support and transport planning consultancy, training and professional services, in all world territories excluding the United States, Japan, Singapore and Argentina. 从事软件销售和技术支持;软件培训和服务;交通规划咨询服务。地域范围包括除美国,日本,新加坡和阿根廷外的世界上任何国家。







Quadstone Limited Quadstone有限公司
Software sales and support, training and professional services in all world territories excluding the UK and Ireland 从事软件销售和技术支持;软件培训和服务。地域范围包括除英国和爱尔兰外的世界上任何国家。

因此,Paramics有两个版本
S-Paramics Quadstone Paramics




19961998Paramics只有一个版本,二者共同拥有。



1998年之后,SIAS拥有Paramics在英国和爱尔兰的销售权利。Quadstone拥有Paramics在美国和日本的销售权利。并分别对软件做进一步的开发。


20058月,地域限制解除。现在两家公司均可以在世界上任何国家开展业务了。



另外,200512QuadstonePortrait 并购,名字改为Portrait Quadstone



在这里有关于Paramics更早历史:A History of Paramics


原创]S-Paramics


一个成熟的交通应用软件从最初的概念酝酿,开发,到大范围的应用,以及之后的软件培训,软件和项目的技术支持和软件的再开发,需要大量的人力,物力和财力,以及几十年如一日长期不懈的努力。最基本的要求是要由有一个由专业技术人员和编程人员构成的稳定团队,并且需要和其他机构进行广泛的合作,更离不开政府和社会团体的支持。


1986S-Paramics软件的酝酿,到1997年投入商业使用,历经了10多年的时间,而后又经数年微观仿真才成为主要的分析方法。
SIAS transport planners created S-Paramics microsimulation software in the late 1980s. In its early stages of development the software involved collaborations with other research and business partners, and attracted grants and awards from UK, European and US bodies. The first manifestation of S-Paramics as a high performance system was on the University of Edinburgh's Thinking Machines CM200 (the machine featured in "Jurassic Park") in 1992. S-Paramics became the first commercially available microsimulation software in the mid nineties. There's an interesting and reasonably correct account of these times on the EPCC website.

SIAS
交通规划咨询公司于20世纪80年代末期创立了S-Paramics交通仿真软件。在软件开发的早期,与其它的研究和商业机构进行了合作,并吸引了来自英国,欧洲和美国的团体的资助。1992年在爱丁堡大学的TMCThinking Machines Corp.CM200计算机(侏罗纪公园里的主题机注1)上S-Paramics作为一高性能系统得到了首次的示范90年代中S-Paramics成为第一个投入商业使用的交通微观仿真软件。


下面来自爱丁堡大学的EPCC网站的部分档案资料对当时的情形作出了有趣和确切的描述:


PARAMICS (1992-1995)

The original PARAMICS project was established under the UK Department of Transport LINK TIO project to convert and upsize an existing microscopic traffic simulator (MICSIM) developed by Edinburgh firm SIAS. (MICSIM) was developed by SIAS Ltd in a European Union collaboration under DRIVE-1, and tested over small areas. It was implemented in a data-parallel form on EPCC’s TMC CM-200.

最初的PARAMICS项目由英国交通部的交通基础设施和运行项目LINK TIO)得以确定,目的是对当时已有的由爱丁堡SIAS公司开发的交通微观仿真器(MICSIM)进行转换和扩大规模(MICSIM微观仿真器是SIAS公司与欧盟合作时所开发的,已经在小范围进行了测试)。该项目把仿真器在EPCC TMC CM-200计算机上以数据并行方式进行了实施。
PARAMICS-MP, funded by DTI/EPSRC and SIAS converted the data-parallel model to use message passing with MPI on the Cray T3D. Current developments in the PARAMICS family include motorway simulation, urban models and the modelling of congestion management systems.

接着,由英国工业和贸易部/英国工程和自然科学研究委员会(DTI/EPSRC)和SIAS 公司共同投资的PARAMICS-MP项目,对数据并行模型进行了转换,而采用消息传递的方式在Cray T3D2计算机上对模型进行了实施。至此,PARAMICS成员则包括了高速公路模拟,城市交通模型和对交通堵塞管理系统的模拟。


·
To produce a fully scalable parallel version of the PARAMICS microscopic traffic simulator, capable of handling over 250,000 vehicles in faster-than-real time.

·
To develop tools to simulate advanced traffic management systems.

·
To demonstrate that advanced microscopic simulation technology has true potential for commercial use in the transport sector.

·
制造一个全面可升级的并行版PARAMICS交通微观仿真器,能够以比实时更快的速度处理超过250,000车辆;


·
开发能够模拟高级交通管理系统的工具;


·
证明先进的微观仿真技术在交通领域有真正商业用途的潜力。


These goals were met and exceeded, spawning several follow-on projects involving the implementation of a fully portable version and the addition of advanced congestion management features.

这些目标都被实现并且超越了。带动数个后续项目,包括实现完全便携式版本和增加高级交通堵塞管理的特性。

Key achievements of the family of PARAMICS projects have included:





·
Winning the Scottish Strategic IT Award for technology transfer, 1994.





·
Winning the Computerworld Smithsonian IT Award, 1995.





·
Successful commercial exploitation through the creation of PARAMICS Traffic Simulation Ltd.
PARAMICS
项目整体的主要成就包括:






·
1994年,获得苏格兰IT技术转化战略奖;






·
1995年,获得计算机世界Smithsonian IT奖注3





·
通过创立PARAMICS交通仿真公司成功的实现了商业应用。






The phenomenal success of the PARAMICS project has established it as the world’s leading-edge traffic simulator. Commercial uptake has come already from a wide range of organisations involved in real-world traffic management problems requiring the power that PARAMICS offers. These include:





PARAMICS项目的惊人成功奠定了其交通仿真领域领先的地位。其商业应用已经涉及广泛的机构,他们需要PARAMICS所具有的能力来解决其现实世界中的交通管理问题。这些应用包括:





·
The UK Department of Transport - modelling the London M25 orbital motorway





·
The Scottish Office - modelling the M8 Edinburgh-Glasgow motorway





·
The City of Glasgow - modelling bus priority routes in the City Centre





·
Asda Stores Ltd - assessing the traffic impact of new developments





·
英国交通部  – 伦敦M25环形高速公路模型






·
苏格兰政府  – 爱丁堡至格拉斯哥M8高速公路模型






·
格拉斯哥市  – 中心区的公共汽车优先路线模型






·
Asda 超市集团  – 评估新建筑的交通影响






While most traffic simulators treat traffic as a fluid, microscopic traffic simulation models individual vehicles, giving more realistic congestion and flow patterns. Supercomputing power enables PARAMICS to study large-scale traffic patterns at high speeds.





大多数的交通仿真器把行驶的车辆看作一个流体,而微观交通仿真模拟单个的车辆,得出更符合实际的交通堵塞和车流规律。超级计算能力使PARAMICS能够快速地对大范围交通状况进行研究。






The original PARAMICS project was implemented in a data-parallel fashion using a 16K processor Thinking Machines Corp. (TMC) Connection Machine 200 (CM-200) and it could model around quarter of a million vehicles, individually (at a microscopic level), on the entire Scottish major trunk road network.





初期PARAMICS项目在有16K处理器的TMC CM-200计算机上以数据并行方式进行的。它能够对整个苏格兰的主要干道公路网的约25万车辆单个地进行模拟。






Although highly successfully, a major shortcoming of PARAMICS was seen to be its dependence on a particular supercomputer architecture. The simulator was neither portable nor scalable, and was programmed in a vendor-specific data-parallel language. As a result the PARAMICS-MP (Message Passing) project was initiated to implement the simulator on message-passing architectures (both parallel machines such as the Cray T3D, and Meiko CS/2, as well as clusters of workstations) in a scalable and portable fashion.





尽管相当的成功,早期的PARAMICS主要不足被看作是需要特殊的超级计算机结构,不具有便携性和可升级性, 且用厂家特定的数据并行语言编程。因此, PARAMICS-MP项目被立项,以采用消息传递结构(并行计算机如Cray T3D Meiko CS/2
以及工作站机群)对仿真器加以实施。






The PARAMICS-MP (Message Passing) project was spawned, as a collaborative venture between SIAS Ltd and EPCC, with support from the UK Department of Trade and Industry. This project resulted in portable, scalable parallel software able to tackle traffic simulation problems of a wide range of complexities. From http://www.cwhonors.org






该项目由SIAS公司和 EPCC共同完成,并得到了英国工业和贸易部资助。这一项目使仿真器成为便捷和可升级性的并行软件,能够解决相当范围的复杂的交通仿真问题。





应用软件的开发需要许多人长时间的默默无闻的努力,互相合作,以及支持和理解。





以上是S-Paramics交通仿真软件的早期发展回顾。希望能对同行们有所启迪。








1:电影中实际使用的为麻省理工学院(MIT)TMC CM5





2: 该机当时为欧洲运行最快的计算机,软件使用了该机256个处理器中的32个处理器(新科学家New Scientist)杂志199410月第1948期)。





3:该奖目的是表彰对信息技术应用有突出贡献的组织。如2000年铁道部的中国铁路客票发售和预订系统获得了决赛奖(Finalist);2002清华大学的中国教育和科研计算机网和中国远洋运输集团的全国物流项目获得该奖。
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